Ordinal time series analysis with the R package otsfeatures

The 21st century has witnessed a growing interest in the analysis of time series data. Whereas most of the literature on the topic deals with real-valued time series, ordinal time series have typically received much less attention. However, the development of specific analytical tools for the latter objects has substantially increased in recent years. The R package otsfeatures attempts to provide a set of simple functions for analyzing ordinal time series. In particular, several commands allowing the extraction of well-known statistical features and the execution of inferential tasks are available for the user. The output of several functions can be employed to perform traditional machine learning tasks including clustering, classification or outlier detection. otsfeatures also incorporates two datasets of financial time series which were used in the literature for clustering purposes, as well as three interesting synthetic databases. The main properties of the package are described and its use is illustrated through several examples. Researchers from a broad variety of disciplines could benefit from the powerful tools provided by otsfeatures

Fuzzy clustering of ordinal time series based on two novel distances with economic applications

Time series clustering is a central machine learning task with applications in many fields. While the majority of the methods focus on real-valued time series, very few works consider series with discrete response. In this paper, the problem of clustering ordinal time series is addressed. To this aim, two novel distances between ordinal time series are introduced and used to construct fuzzy clustering procedures. Both metrics are functions of the estimated cumulative probabilities, thus automatically taking advantage of the ordering inherent to the series' range. The resulting clustering algorithms are computationally efficient and able to group series generated from similar stochastic processes, reaching accurate results even though the series come from a wide variety of models. Since the dynamic of the series may vary over the time, we adopt a fuzzy approach, thus enabling the procedures to locate each series into several clusters with different membership degrees. An extensive simulation study shows that the proposed methods outperform several alternative procedures. Weighted versions of the clustering algorithms are also presented and their advantages with respect to the original methods are discussed. Two specific applications involving economic time series illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approaches

Derecho, Estado y comunidad internacional en Gabriel Vázquez

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída en 1974.Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEProQuestpu

Generación de curvas mediante algoritmos matemáticos de interpolación y de aproximación

En este proyecto vamos a determinar el desplazamiento que debe tener un brazo robótico y cómo simularlo a través de una interfaz gráfica creada con el programa Matlab. En el movimiento del brazo robótico, la posición queda descrita por un conjunto de parámetros de configuración, determinados por los ángulos de sus articulaciones y la posición de las mismas en el espacio utilizando marcos de referencia previamente definidos. En consecuencia, es habitual que la manipulación de objetos se base en la planificación de trayectorias en el espacio articular, que es computacionalmente mucho menos costosa que la planificación en el espacio cartesiano. Dichas trayectorias suelen expresarse como secuencias de configuraciones muy próximas entre sí, y el cálculo de las mismas es complicado.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería IndustrialUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Derecho, Estado y comunidad internacional en Gabriel Vázquez

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída en 1974.Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEProQuestpu

Interpreting finite element results for brittle materials in endodontic restorations

Background: Finite element simulation has been used in last years for analysing the biomechanical performance of post-core restorations in endodontics, but results of these simulations have been interpreted in most of the works using von Mises stress criterion. However, the validity of this failure criterion for brittle materials, which are present in these restorations, is questionable. The objective of the paper is to analyse how finite element results for brittle materials of endodontic restorations should be interpreted to obtain correct conclusions about the possible failure in the restoration. Methods: Different failure criteria (Von Mises, Rankine, Coulomb-Mohr, Modified Mohr and Christensen) and material strength data (diametral tensile strength and flexural strength) were considered in the study. Three finite element models (FEM) were developed to simulate an endodontic restoration and two typical material tests: diametral tensile test and flexural test. Results: Results showed that the Christensen criterion predicts similar results as the Von Mises criterion for ductile components, while it predicts similar results to all other criteria for brittle components. The different criteria predict different failure points for the diametral tensile test, all of them under multi-axial stress states. All criteria except Von Mises predict failure for flexural test at the same point of the specimen, with this point under uniaxial tensile stress. Conclusions: From the results it is concluded that the Christensen criterion is recommended for FEM result interpretation in endodontic restorations and that the flexural test is recommended to estimate tensile strength instead of the diametral tensile tes

Integrated evaluation of wine lees valorization to produce value-added products

The integrated evaluation of the valorization of wine lees to produce value-added products was carried out in this study from a life-cycle perspective. The consumption of steam has been demonstrated as the main hot spot, reaching 85.7% of the impact on Fossil Depletion and 85.3% on Climate Change. Bearing in mind that four different value-added products are produced, a sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to ascertain the influence of the functional unit and the allocation method on the environmental outcomes. The performance of this system was compared to other processes that produce antioxidants from different raw materials. These processes were phycocyanin recovery from Spirulina platensis cyanobacterium, the production of the red antioxidant astaxanthin by microalgae and the valorization of the macroalgae Sargassum muticum. Wine lees valorization showed a better environmental profile throughout the entire life cycle, due to the fact that most of the operations performed are physical (solid/liquid separations, distillations, evaporations, etc.) and do not involve a large consumption of electricity or chemicals. However, there is still room for improvement, and future research should focus on optimizing the extraction of antioxidants from wine lees using two-stages aqueous systems, ultrasonic or microwave assisted extraction, in the pursuit of better performance and lower environmental impactThis research was supported by the European Project STAR-ProBio (Grant Agreement Number 727740). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC ED431C 2017/2019 and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01). All these programmes are co-funded by FEDER (EU)S

Estudio del efecto de abducción del pulgar en una prótesis de mano de bajo coste: una propuesta de Benchmark

Comunicació presentada a la IX Reunión del Capítulo Español de la Sociedad Europea de Biomecánica (ESB 2019)La irrupción en el ámbito doméstico de la tecnología de impresión en 3D por deposición fundida (FDM) ha permitido mejorar los diseños de prótesis de mano bajo coste (BC) que intentan cubrir las necesidades más básicas con el mínimo tiempo y coste (normalmente menos de 450€1,2), bajo la premisa de "hágalo usted mismo" (DIY). Hoy en día, muchos diseños de manos de BC pueden descargarse libremente como un archivo de estereolitografía (.stl) desde distintos repositorios de diseño (instructables.com, thingiverse.com) o, más explícitamente, desde iniciativas sin ánimo de lucro como e-NABLE3, Open Hand Project1 y Openbionics4. La experiencia de uso con estos diseños sigue poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad de estandarizar las pruebas para caracterizar y comparar la mecánica de todas las tipologías de prótesis de mano de BC. El presente trabajo compara la funcionalidad y la actuación mecánica de dos variantes del modelo de una prótesis de mano de bajo coste. En el proceso, se proponen diferentes técnicas y se evalúa su interés para formar parte de un benchmark

CRISPR-Cas12a genome editing at the whole-plant level using two compatible RNA virus vectors

[EN] The use of viral vectors that can replicate and move systemically through the host plant to deliver bacterial CRISPR components enables genome editing at the whole-plant level and avoids the requirement for labor-intensive stable transformation. However, this approach usually relies on previously transformed plants that stably express a CRISPR-Cas nuclease. Here, we describe successful DNA-free genome editing of Nicotiana benthamiana using two compatible RNA virus vectors derived from tobacco etch virus (TEV; genus Potyvirus) and potato virus X (PVX; genus Potexvirus), which replicate in the same cells. The TEV and PVX vectors respectively express a Cas12a nuclease and the corresponding guide RNA. This novel two-virus vector system improves the toolbox for transformation-free virus-induced genome editing in plants and will advance efforts to breed more nutritious, resistant, and productive crops.This research was supported by grants BIO2017-83184-R and PID2019-108203RB-I00 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) through the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund) and H2020-760331 Newcotiana from the European Commission. M.U. andM.V.-V. are the recipients of fellowships FPU17/05503 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) and APOSTD/2020/096 from the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain), respectivelyUranga, M.; Vázquez-Vilar, M.; Orzáez Calatayud, DV.; Daròs, J. (2021). CRISPR-Cas12a genome editing at the whole-plant level using two compatible RNA virus vectors. The CRISPR Journal. 4(5):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/crispr.2021.0049194

El autoengaño como mecanismo de mantenimiento de la adicción a las drogas

Background: This study was aimed at: (i) examining levels of self-deception in substance dependent individuals following addiction treatment, and (ii) examining the association between participants’ levels of self-deception and (a) personality disorders, (b) addiction-related beliefs, (c) duration of abstinence, and (d) estimates of craving. Method: We administered self-report questionnaires of self-deception and mixtification, and core beliefs related to addiction and craving. The sample comprised 79 outpatients who were consecutively recruited at the Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias in Granada: 87.3% were males and the mean age was 37.68 years old. Thirty-four percent of participants were diagnosed with comorbid personality disorders. Results: Results showed that individuals with substance dependence exhibit elevated scores of self-deception, particularly in the domains of active denial, selective amnesia, projection, and confabulation. Individuals with comorbid personality disorders display greater levels of self-deception compared to individuals without dual diagnosis. Conclusions: Moreover, there is a significant association between levels of self-deception and addiction-related beliefs and craving. In addition, there is a negative association between levels of self-deception and duration of abstinenceAntecedentes: los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (i) conocer el nivel de autoengaño de drogodependientes en tratamiento por su adicción, y (ii) estudiar la relación del autoengaño con (a) los trastornos de personalidad, (b) las creencias, (c) la abstinencia y (d) el craving en estos pacientes. Método: se utilizaron los cuestionarios de autoengaño y mixtificación (IAM) y de creencias relacionadas con el consumo de drogas y craving. La muestra estaba compuesta por 79 pacientes atendidos de forma consecutiva en el Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias de Granada. El 34.5% de los pacientes presentaban un trastorno de la personalidad. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que los drogodependientes obtienen puntuaciones elevadas en autoengaño, especialmente en los factores negación, amnesia selectiva, proyección y pensamiento fantaseado. Además, los pacientes con trastornos de la personalidad presentan niveles de autoengaño más elevados en comparación a los que no presentan este tipo de psicopatología, observándose una relación significativa entre las creencias nucleares relacionadas con el consumo y con el craving con el nivel de autoengaño. Conclusiones: se constata igualmente que el nivel de autoengaño se relaciona de forma negativa con el tiempo de abstinencia, lo que convierte al autoengaño en una diana terapéutica para mejorar el pronósticoS